1507年,地理学家马丁·瓦尔德塞米勒在其著作"Cosmographiae Introductio"中首次使用了“西半球,北美和南美”的说法。这一名称源自拉丁语Americanus,传统上与Amerigo·韦斯普奇(1454-1512)相关,他作为航海家两次前往新世界,并声称自己发现了这片土地。他的著作提出了这是一个新大陆的观点,并首次将其称为Novus Mundus(“新世界”)。相比于Vespucci(拉丁语Vesputius,可能衍生出地名Vesputia),Amerigo更容易被拉丁化。在英语中,这一名称最初自然地被限制用于英国殖民地,后来逐渐指代美国。
It is a thousand pities that the puny witticisms of a few professional objectors should have the power to prevent, even for a year, the adoption of a name for our country. At present we have, clearly, none. There should be no hesitation about " Appalachia." In the first place, it is distinctive. "America" is not, and can never be made so. We may legislate as much as we please, and assume for our country whatever name we think right — but to use it will be no name, to any purpose for which a name is needed, unless we can take it away from the regions which employ it at present. South America is "America," and will insist upon remaining so. [Edgar Allan Poe, "Marginalia," in Graham's Magazine, Philadelphia, December 1846]
令人遗憾的是,一些专业反对者的无聊玩笑竟然能够阻止我们国家名称的采用,哪怕仅仅是一年。目前显然我们还没有一个明确的名称。对于Appalachia,我们不应犹豫。首先,它是独特的。而“美国”既不是,也永远无法成为。我们可以随意立法,为我们的国家选择任何我们认为合适的名称——但如果不从目前使用该名称的地区中剥离它,任何目的上都无法称其为名称。南美洲就是“美国”,并将坚持保持这一称呼。[埃德加·爱伦·坡,《边注》,发表于《格雷厄姆杂志》,费城,1846年12月]
FREDONIA, FREDONIAN, FREDE, FREDISH, &c. &c. These extraordinary words, which have been deservedly ridiculed here as well as in England, were proposed sometime ago, and countenanced by two or three individuals, as names for the territory and people of the United States. The general term American is now commonly understood (at least in all places where the English language is spoken,) to mean an inhabitant of the United States; and is so employed, except where unusual precision of language is required. [John Pickering, "A Vocabulary, or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of America," Boston, 1816]
FREDONIA、FREDONIAN、FREDE、FREDISH等。这些奇怪的词汇在这里和英国都被应有地嘲笑,早些时候曾被提出,并得到两三个人的支持,作为对United States(美国)领土和人民的称呼。如今,American这一通用词汇在所有讲英语的地方都被普遍理解为United States的居民,并在除非需要特别精确的语言外被广泛使用。[约翰·皮克林,《美国特有词汇汇编》,波士顿,1816年]
这个名字Amerigo源自日耳曼语,据信来自哥特语Amalrich,意为“工作统治者”。这一名字在古英语中演变为姓氏Emmerich、Emery等。意大利语的女性形式则融合为Amelia。
口语化的发音“Ameri-kay”至少在1643年就出现在诗歌中(在后来的某个集子中与America押韵,搭配away、pray、obey、gay、dismay、decay等词)。由于重音和短元音的特点,这种发音在韵律的结尾处会造成问题(现代美国流行的国歌和颂歌往往避免在句尾使用America)。Africa也采用了类似的处理,读作“Afri-kay”,有时也适用于Britannia。America在19世纪中期的爱国歌曲中仍然如此押韵。* 这种拼写的发音从19世纪30年代起在美国流行开来,成为一种带有爱尔兰口音的发音方式。
Amerika(“美国社会被视为种族主义、法西斯主义、压迫等”)的用法始于1969年;这种拼写源自德语,但也可能暗示三K党。
* 其中偶尔会出现与me、be的押韵,仿佛读作“Ameri-kee”。而沃勒在1664年似乎想将其与saw押韵(《关于西班牙的战争与海战》)。