在12世纪末,“抢劫者,盗贼,通过暴力非法偷窃、掠夺或剥夺他人财物的人”,这个词源自盎格鲁法语的 robbere,古法语的 robeor,是从 rober(意为“抢劫,偷窃,掠夺,洗劫,强奸”)演变而来的(参见 rob)。
在“腐败、贪婪的金融家”这一意义上,Robber baron 这个词组自19世纪70年代起被使用,最初是将镀金时代的资本家比作中世纪欧洲的封建领主(该词组在历史语境中的使用可以追溯到1831年)。
It is the attempt of the more shrewd to take advantage of the less shrewd. It is the attempt of the strong to oppress the weak. It is the old robber baron in his castle descending, after men have planted their crops, and stealing them. [Henry Ward Beecher, sermon, "Truthfulness," 1871]
这是更狡猾的人试图利用那些不够聪明的人的行为。是强者压迫弱者的表现。就像老式的抢劫领主在他的城堡里,等到人们种下庄稼后,下来偷走他们的收成。[亨利·沃德·比彻,《诚实》布道,1871年]
Regulation by combination means that the railroad managers are feudal lords and that you are their serfs. It means that every car load of grain or other produce of your fields and shops that passes over the New York Central shall pay heavy toll for right of transit to Vanderbilt, the robber baron of our modern feudalism, who dominates that way. [W.C. Flagg, testimony to Congress, 1874]
通过联合监管意味着铁路管理者成了封建领主,而你们则是他们的农奴。这意味着你们田地和商店里每一车粮食或其他产品经过纽约中央铁路时,都要向现代封建主义的抢劫领主范德比尔特支付高额过路费,他掌控着这条线路。[W.C.弗拉格,1874年向国会作证]
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