clerisy 的词源

这个词最早出现在1818年，模仿德语的 clerisei，源自晚期拉丁语的 clericia，与 clericus（参见 cleric）相关。据信是由科尔律治创造的，他用它来指代“一个国家的学者，诗人，哲学家”，意在表达一种不再与教士阶层相关的概念[《牛津英语词典》]。但自1840年代起，这个词有时也被用来特指“教士”，与平信徒相区分。

The clerisy of the nation (a far apter exponent of the thing meant, than the term which the usus et norma loquendi forces on me), the clerisy, I say, or national church, in its primary acceptation and original intention comprehended the learned of all denominations;—the sages and professors of law and jurisprudence; of medicine and physiology; of music; of military and civil architec[t]ure; of the physical sciences; with the mathematical as the common organ of the preceding; in short, all the so called liberal arts and sciences, the possession and application of which constitute the civilization of a country, as well as the Theological. [Coleridge, "On the Constitution of the Church and State," 1830]

我所说的国家的学者阶层（比起那些被语言习惯强加给我的术语，这个表达更贴切），国家的学者阶层，或者说国教，在其最初的含义和本意上包括了所有学术领域的精英——法律和法学的智者，医学和生理学的教授，音乐，军事和民用建筑的专家，自然科学的研究者，以及数学作为前述学科的共同 organ；简而言之，所有被称为自由艺术和科学的知识，这些知识的拥有和应用构成了一个国家的文明，还有神学。[科尔律治，《教会与国家的宪法论》，1830年]