hedonism 的词源

1828年起用于指代这一哲学；1844年被用作“自我放纵”，源自希腊语 hēdone，意为“快乐”（参见 hedonist）+ -ism。

The doctrine of Aristippus and the Cyrenaic school of Greek philosophers, that the pleasure of the moment is the only possible end, that one kind of pleasure is not to be preferred to another, and that a man should in the interest of pleasure govern his pleasures and not be governed by them; hence, that ethical doctrine which regards pleasure or happiness as the highest good. ... Egoistic hedonism considers only the pleasure of the individual; altruistic hedonism takes into account that of others. [Century Dictionary]

这是亚里士多德及其门徒基伦学派的学说，认为当下的快乐是唯一可能的目标，一种快乐不应优于另一种，人应当为了快乐而管理自己的欲望，而不是被欲望所支配。因此，这一伦理学说将快乐或幸福视为最高善。…… Egoistic hedonism 只关注个人的快乐； altruistic hedonism 则考虑他人的快乐。[世纪词典]