广告

inauguration 的意思

就职典礼; 开幕; 设立仪式

inauguration 的词源

inauguration(n.)

“仪式性地授予职务;庄重或正式地介绍或启动任何重要或尊贵的事物”,这个词最早出现在1560年代,源自法语 inauguration,意为“任职、奉献”,并直接借自晚期拉丁语 inaugurationem(主格 inauguratio),意为“奉献仪式”。这个词最初可能是指“在吉兆下的任命仪式”。它是从动词 inaugurare 演变而来的,意思是“通过观察鸟类的飞行来占卜吉凶;在吉兆出现时进行奉献或任命”。这个动词又由前缀 in-(意为“在……上,进入……”,源自原始印欧语词根 *en,意为“在……中”)和 augurare(意为“担任占卜师,预测”,参见 augur (n.))组合而成。

INAUGURATIO was in general the ceremony by which the augurs obtained, or endeavoured to obtain, the sanction of the gods to something which had been decreed by man; in particular, however, it was the ceremony by which things or persons were consecrated to the gods .... If the signs observed by the inaugurating priest were thought favourable, the decree of men had the sanction of the gods, and the inauguratio was completed. [William Smith (ed.), "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," 1842]
INAUGURATIO 通常指的是祭司们通过某种仪式来获得或试图获得神灵对人类所下达命令的认可。具体来说,这是一种将物品或人奉献给神灵的仪式……如果主持仪式的祭司观察到的征兆被认为是吉利的,那么人类的命令就得到了神灵的认可,这个仪式也就完成了。[威廉·史密斯(编),《希腊罗马古代词典》,1842年]

相关词汇

“古罗马官员,负责观察和解读预兆,即关于未来事件的自然征兆”,这一词汇出现在1540年代,源自拉丁语 augur,指的是古罗马的一种宗教官员。根据 de Vaan 的说法,这个词最初可能意味着“通过仪式实现的作物增产”,因此可能源自古拉丁语 *augos(属格 *augeris)意为“增产”,与 augere(意为“增加”,源自原始印欧语根 *aug- (1) “增加”)相关。

更流行的解释是,这个词来自拉丁语 avis,意为“鸟”,因为鸟类的飞行、鸣叫和觅食行为是重要的占卜对象(可以与 auspex 对比)。在这种情况下,词的第二部分可能来自 garrire,意为“说话”。相关词汇包括 Auguralaugurial

These auspices were studied, with a fixed ceremonial, in the following classes of phenomena: (1) signs from the heavens, including thunder and lightning, and other meteorological manifestations; (2) signs from the direction of flight or the various cries of birds; (3) signs from the manner of eating of domestic hens kept for this purpose; (4) signs from the movements and attitudes of animals; (5) evil omens from various fortuitous incidents, such as the fall of any object, the gnawing of a mouse, the creaking of a chair, etc., occurring during the augural ceremonies or when these were about to begin. [Century Dictionary]
这些预兆通过固定的仪式在以下现象中进行研究:(1)来自天上的征兆,包括雷声、闪电及其他气象现象;(2)鸟类飞行方向或各种叫声的征兆;(3)专门饲养的家禽(如母鸡)进食方式的征兆;(4)动物的动作和姿态的征兆;(5)各种偶然事件带来的恶兆,例如在占卜仪式进行中或即将开始时,任何物体的跌落、老鼠的啃噬、椅子的吱吱声等。——《世纪词典》

1680年代起源于法语 inaugural(17世纪),源自 inaugurer,意为“举行就职仪式”(14世纪),进一步追溯至拉丁语 inaugurare,同样意为“举行就职仪式”(参见 inauguration)。作为名词,指“就职演说”的用法始于1832年,主要在美式英语中出现。

广告

inauguration 的使用趋势

改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。

分享 "inauguration"

中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of inauguration

广告
热搜词汇
广告