per stirpes 的词源

1680年代，源自拉丁语，意为“按家庭，按宗族”。在法律领域，主要用于继承等方面，通常与per capita（按头计）相对。具体可参考per-和stirpes。

[A]pplied to succession when divided so as to give the representatives belonging to one branch the share only that their head or ancestor would have taken had he survived. Thus, in a gift to A and the children of B, if they are to take per capita, each child will have a share equal to that of A; but if they are to take per stirpes, A will take one half and the other half will be divided among the children of B. [Century Dictionary]

这个术语用于继承时，指的是将遗产分配给某一支系的代表，仅限于他们的首领或祖先若在世所应得的份额。因此，在赠与A及B的子女时，如果他们按per capita（按头计）分配，每个孩子将获得与A相等的份额；但如果按per stirpes（按宗族计）分配，A将获得一半，另一半则由B的子女平分。[世纪词典]