tapenade 的词源

普罗旺斯的一道菜，主要成分是刺山柑等，1882年起源于法语 tapénade，源自普罗旺斯方言 tapéno，意为“刺山柑”。

Fortunately the breakfast at the Maison Dorée was good enough [...] One hors d'œuvre was a pot of black stuff, looking uncommonly like stale caviare. It was excellent, though, and the head waiter was called to say what it was. "It is tapenade," he said: "doubtless you have never tasted it before." "No; it is made at Marseilles?" "Not only is it made at Marseilles, but in this one house, and nowhere else. It is a specialty." And then he added with the modest smile of successful genius, "In fact, it is I who am the inventor." It is called tapenade from tapina, the Provençal patois for a caper, and consists of capers, anchovies, and gherkins chopped fine, and preserved in oil. There are several other ingredients but we hesitated to inquire more particularly. [Pall Mall Budget, "Breakfast at Marseilles." Dec. 1, 1882.]

幸运的是，Maison Dorée 的早餐相当不错……其中一道开胃菜是一锅黑乎乎的东西，看起来异常像陈年鱼子酱。不过味道非常棒，服务生被叫来解释这道菜。“这是 tapenade，”他说，“你肯定以前没尝过。” “是的；这是在马赛制作的吗？” “不仅是在马赛制作，而且只有这家店有，其他地方都没有。这是我们的特色。”然后他带着成功者特有的谦逊微笑补充道：“其实，这道菜是我发明的。”它被称为 tapenade，来自 tapina，普罗旺斯方言中的刺山柑，主要由刺山柑、凤尾鱼和腌黄瓜切碎后用油保存而成。还有其他几种配料，但我们犹豫着没有进一步询问。[《帕尔马预算》，《马赛的早餐》，1882年12月1日。]