civil disobedience 的词源

这个词由梭罗于1866年创造，作为他最初于1849年发表的文章《抵抗不公正的政府》的标题。

If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison, or give up war and slavery, the State will not hesitate which to choose. If a thousand men were not to pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit violence and shed innocent blood. This is, in fact, the definition of a peaceable revolution, if any such is possible. [Thoreau]

如果选择是让所有正义之人入狱，还是放弃战争和奴役，国家不会犹豫选择哪一个。如果有一千人今年不缴纳税款，这并不是一个暴力和血腥的措施，反而缴纳税款才是，因为这会使国家实施暴力，流 innocent blood。这实际上就是和平革命的定义，如果这样的革命是可能的。[梭罗]