despotism 的意思
专制主义; 绝对权力; 任意统治
despotism 的词源
despotism(n.)
这个词最早出现在1751年,指的是“绝对权力,毫无限制和无限制的权威”,源自法语 despotisme。可以拆解为 despot(暴君) + -ism(主义)。到1794年,它被用来描述“一种基于任意政府的政治体制”。
Tyranny is the abuse of absolute power, legal or usurped, and implies oppression. Despotism, in its earlier and still frequent meaning, does not necessarily imply either regard or disregard for the welfare of the subject; but there is also a tendency to give it essentially the same meaning as tyranny, using absolutism or autocracy where an unfavorable meaning is not intended. [Century Dictionary, 1897]
Tyranny(暴政)是对绝对权力的滥用,无论是合法的还是篡夺的,通常意味着压迫。Despotism(专制主义)在早期及其常见含义中,并不一定表示对臣民福祉的关注或漠视;但也有倾向将其与 tyranny(暴政)基本等同,使用 absolutism(绝对主义)或 autocracy(独裁统治)来避免负面含义。[《世纪词典》,1897年]
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despotism 的使用趋势
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