1817年,这个词作为及物动词出现,来源于 intense(强烈的)+ -ify(使……化),最早由科尔律治使用,他用它代替 intend(打算、意图),因为他认为后者不再与 intense(强烈的)有联系。作为不及物动词的用法则出现在1845年。中古英语中曾用 intensen(动词)表示“增加(某物)、增强、强化”,大约在15世纪。相关词汇包括 Intensified(已强化)和 intensifying(正在强化)。
I am aware that this word [intensifying] occurs neither in Johnson's Dictionary nor in any classical writer. But the word, "to intend," which Newton and others before him employ in this sense, is now so completely appropriated to another meaning, that I could not use it without ambiguity: while to paraphrase the sense, as by render intense, would often break up the sentence and destroy that harmony of the position of the words with the logical position of the thoughts, which is a beauty in all composition, and more especially desirable in a close philosophical investigation. I have therefore hazarded the word, intensify; though, I confess, it sounds uncouth to my own ear. [Coleridge, footnote in "Biographia Literaria," 1817]
我知道这个词 [intensifying] 在约翰逊词典和任何古典作家那里都没有出现。但“打算”这个词,牛顿和他之前的许多人都用来表达这个意思,现在已经完全被赋予了另一种意义,以至于我不能再使用它而不引起歧义。而像 render intense(使……强烈)这样的释义,往往会破坏句子的结构,打乱词语与思想逻辑之间的和谐美,这在所有作品中都是一种美,尤其是在严谨的哲学研究中更为重要。因此,我冒险使用了 intensify(强化这个词);尽管我承认,这个词在我耳中听起来有些生硬。[科尔律治,《文学传记》脚注,1817年]
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