1550年代,Liturgy,指“圣餐礼仪”,来源于法语liturgie(16世纪)或直接源自晚期拉丁语/中世纪拉丁语liturgia,意为“公共服务,公共崇拜”。这个词又源于希腊语leitourgia,意思是“礼拜仪式;公共职责,服务,牧 ministry”。其中,leitourgos指“执行公共仪式或服务的人,公共仆人”,而leito-则表示“公共”(源自laos,意为“人民”;可以与leiton“公共大厅”,leite“女祭司”对比;参见lay(形容词))。-ourgos意为“工作者”,来自ergon“工作”(源自原始印欧词根*werg-,意为“做”)。该词在1590年代开始指“基督教教堂中进行神圣仪式的集体规范”。相关词汇有Liturgist(礼仪学者)和liturgics(礼仪学)。
In ancient Greece, particularly at Athens, a form of personal service to the state which citizens possessing property to a certain amount were bound, when called upon, to perform at their own cost. These liturgies were ordinary, including the presentation of dramatic performances, musical and poetic contests, etc., the celebration of some festivals, and other public functions entailing expense upon the incumbent; or extraordinary, as the fitting out of a trireme In case of war. [Century Dictionary]
在古希腊,特别是在雅典,公民如果拥有一定价值的财产,一旦被召唤,就必须自费为国家提供一种个人服务,这种服务被称为“礼仪服务”(liturgies)。这些服务可以分为ordinary(普通的),例如举办戏剧表演、音乐和诗歌比赛、庆祝某些节日,以及其他需要承担费用的公共职能;也可以是extraordinary(非凡的),例如在战争时期装备三桨战船。[《世纪词典》]