“一名工匠;”中古英语中指“木匠”,也指“建筑师,设计师”;来源于古英语 wryhta, wrihta(诺森布里亚方言 wyrchta, 肯特方言 werhta)意为“工人”,是早期 wyhrta(意为“制造者”)的变体,来自于 wyrcan(意为“工作”)(参见 work (v.))。
这是一个常见的西日耳曼词(古撒克逊语 wurhito,古弗里西语 wrichta,古高地德语 wurhto),在现代英语中主要保留在组合词(wheelwright, playwright, 等)或姓氏(Wright, Wainwright, Cartwright,均为13世纪)中。
古英语词中的 -r- 和元音的转位现象在 thrash、thresh、third、thirty、bird、wrought 和 nostril 中也可以看到。
Smith was the general term for a worker in metals, and wright for one who worked in wood, and other materials. Hence, in the later English period, smith (which, in Anglo-Saxon, when used without any characteristic addition, was understood as applying more particularly to the worker in iron,) became the particular name of a blacksmith, and wright of a carpenter, as it is still in Scotland. [Thomas Wright, "Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies," 1884]
Smith 是金属工人的通用术语,而 wright 是木工和其他材料工人的称谓。因此,在后来的英语时期,smith(在盎格鲁撒克逊语中,当不带任何特征性附加词时,更特指铁匠)成为铁匠的特定名称,而 wright 则成为木匠的名称,正如在苏格兰仍然如此。[Thomas Wright, "Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies," 1884]
相关词汇:Wrightry(意为“木工;木匠的工作”)(15世纪中期)。中古英语组合词还包括 battle-wright(意为“战士”)、bread-wright(意为“面包师”)、leth-wright(意为“职业诗人”,古英语 leoþ-wyrhta)。