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Hobbit 的意思

小矮人; 侏儒; 幻想生物

Hobbit 的词源

Hobbit(n.)

1937年,在J.R.R.托尔金(1892-1973)的幻想故事中创造。

On a blank leaf I scrawled: 'In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.' I did not and do not know why. [Tolkien, letter to W.H. Auden, dated 1955]
在一片空白的叶子上,我潦草地写道:‘在地面上的一个洞里,住着一个霍比特人。’我不知道也不明白为什么。[托尔金,致W.H.奥登的信,1955年]

这个词也出现在迈克尔·艾斯拉比·登汉(1859年去世)的著作中,作为他解释那些在平安夜出生的人看不见灵魂的旁注,列出了许多民间传说中的超自然生物。登汉是早期的民俗学家,专注于诺森伯兰、达勒姆、西摩兰、坎布里亚、曼岛和苏格兰。这篇文章发表于《登汉文集》第2卷[编辑詹姆斯·哈迪,伦敦:民俗学会,1895年],是登汉散落出版物的汇编。

What a happiness this must have been seventy or eighty years ago and upwards, to those chosen few who had the good luck to be born on the eve of this festival of all festivals; when the whole earth was so overrun with ghosts, boggles, bloody-bones, spirits, demons, ignis fatui, brownies, bugbears, black dogs, specters, shellycoats, scarecrows, witches, wizards, barguests, Robin-Goodfellows, hags, night-bats, scrags, breaknecks, fantasms, hobgoblins, hobhoulards, boggy-boes, dobbies, hob-thrusts, fetches, kelpies, warlocks, mock-beggars, mum-pokers, Jemmy-burties, urchins, satyrs, pans, fauns, sirens, tritons, centaurs, calcars, nymphs, imps, incubuses, spoorns, men-in-the-oak, hell-wains, fire-drakes, kit-a-can-sticks, Tom-tumblers, melch-dicks, larrs, kitty-witches, hobby-lanthorns, Dick-a-Tuesdays, Elf-fires, Gyl-burnt-tales, knockers, elves, rawheads, Meg-with-the-wads, old-shocks, ouphs, pad-foots, pixies, pictrees, giants, dwarfs, Tom-pokers, tutgots, snapdragons, sprets, spunks, conjurers, thurses, spurns, tantarrabobs, swaithes, tints, tod-lowries, Jack-in-the-Wads, mormos, changelings, redcaps, yeth-hounds, colt-pixies, Tom-thumbs, black-bugs, boggarts, scar-bugs, shag-foals, hodge-pochers, hob-thrushes, bugs, bull-beggars, bygorns, bolls, caddies, bomen, brags, wraiths, waffs, flay-boggarts, fiends, gallytrots, imps, gytrashes, patches, hob-and-lanthorns, gringes, boguests, bonelesses, Peg-powlers, pucks, fays, kidnappers, gallybeggars, hudskins, nickers, madcaps, trolls, robinets, friars' lanthorns, silkies, cauld-lads, death-hearses, goblins, hob-headlesses, bugaboos, kows, or cowes, nickies, nacks necks, waiths, miffies, buckies, ghouls, sylphs, guests, swarths, freiths, freits, gy-carlins Gyre-carling, pigmies, chittifaces, nixies, Jinny-burnt-tails, dudmen, hell-hounds, dopple-gangers, boggleboes, bogies, redmen, portunes, grants, hobbits, hobgoblins, brown-men, cowies, dunnies, wirrikows, alholdes, mannikins, follets, korreds, lubberkins, cluricauns, kobolds, leprechauns, kors, mares, korreds, puckles korigans, sylvans, succubuses, blackmen, shadows, banshees, lian-hanshees, clabbernappers, Gabriel-hounds, mawkins, doubles, corpse lights or candles, scrats, mahounds, trows, gnomes, sprites, fates, fiends, sibyls, nicknevins, whitewomen, fairies, thrummy-caps, cutties, and nisses, and apparitions of every shape, make, form, fashion, kind and description, that there was not a village in England that had not its own peculiar ghost. Nay, every lone tenement, castle, or mansion-house, which could boast of any antiquity had its bogle, its specter, or its knocker. The churches, churchyards, and crossroads were all haunted. Every green lane had its boulder-stone on which an apparition kept watch at night. Every common had its circle of fairies belonging to it. And there was scarcely a shepherd to be met with who had not seen a spirit!
七十或八十年前,甚至更早,对于那些幸运地在这个节日之 eve 出生的被选中的人来说,这一定是多么幸福的事情;当整个大地都被鬼魂、妖怪、血骨、灵魂、恶魔、迷雾火、布朗尼、小妖、黑狗、幽灵、壳衣、稻草人、女巫、巫师、巴尔古斯、罗宾·古德费洛、女巫、夜蝙蝠、杂毛、断颈、幻想、霍布戈布林、霍布霍拉德、泥沼妖、道比、小推车、幻影、凯尔皮、巫师、假乞丐、母猪、詹米·伯蒂、海胆、萨梯尔、潘、法恩、塞壬、海神、半人马、卡尔卡斯、仙女、恶魔、梦魇、精灵、梦魇、补丁、霍布和灯笼、格林奇、泥妖、无骨人、佩格·波勒、皮克、妖精、绑架者、加利贝戈、哈德金斯、尼克尔斯、疯帽子、巨魔、罗宾特、修道士的灯笼、丝绸男孩、死亡灵车、哥布林、霍头无头、妖怪、奶牛或母牛、尼基、纳克斯脖子、鬼魂、米菲、巴基、食尸鬼、精灵、客人、黑暗、自由、自由、吉·卡林斯·吉尔·卡林、侏儒、奇特面孔、尼克西、金妮·伯恩特·泰尔、达德曼、地狱犬、双胞胎、博格博、博吉、红人、命运、恶魔、女祭司、尼克内文斯、白衣女人、仙女、粗糙的帽子、小刀,以及每种形状、样式、形式、时尚、种类和描述的幻影,英格兰没有一个村庄没有自己独特的鬼魂。每一个孤立的房屋、城堡或古老的豪宅,若能自豪地称其有任何古老的历史,必有其妖怪、幽灵或敲门者。教堂、教堂墓地和十字路口都被鬼魂缠绕。每条绿道都有其巨石,夜间有幻影守望。每个公共草地都有其属于它的仙女圈。而几乎没有一个牧羊人没有见过灵魂!

[强调添加] 有趣的是,这个名字在民俗中没有其他出现,也没有证据表明托尔金曾看到过这个词。这个词还在1835年被记录为“在威尔士通常用来表示由四个威尔士斗组成的数量的术语”[在休斯诉汉弗莱斯的英语法庭记录中,一个关于重量和测量的案件]。Hobbitry从1947年开始被证明。

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Hobbit 的使用趋势

改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。

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中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of Hobbit

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