14世纪早期,acheven,“执行,完成,达成”;14世纪晚期,“通过努力获得”,来自古法语achever(12世纪)“完成,达成,完成”,来自短语à chef (venir)“结束,完成”,或俗拉丁语*accapare,来自晚期拉丁语ad caput (venire);法语和晚期拉丁语短语字面意思都是“达到顶点”,来自ad“到”(见ad-)+ 拉丁语caput“头”(来自原始印欧语根*kaput-“头”)。
The Lat.
caput, towards the end of the Empire, and in Merov[ingian] times, took the sense of an end, whence the phrase
ad caput venire, in the sense of to come to an end ....
Venire ad caput naturally produced the Fr. phrase
venir à chef =
venir à bout. ... From this
chief, O.Fr. form of
chef (q.v.) in sense of term, end, comes the Fr. compd.
achever =
venir à chef, to end, finish. [Auguste Brachet, "An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language," transl. G.W. Kitchin, Oxford, 1878]
拉丁语caput,在帝国末期和墨洛温王朝时期,具有结束的意义,因此有短语ad caput venire,意为结束....Venire ad caput自然产生了法语短语venir à chef = venir à bout。... 从这个意义上的chief,古法语形式的chef(参见)在术语、结束的意义上,形成了法语复合词achever = venir à chef,即结束,完成。[Auguste Brachet,《法国语言词源词典》,G.W. Kitchin译,牛津,1878年]
相关词:Achieved;achieving。