cobbler 的词源

这个词最早出现在14世纪晚期（在姓氏和地名中，13世纪晚期也有出现），cobelere，意思是“修鞋匠”，其来源尚不明确。这个词和cobble（动词，意为“修补”）在词源上显然是有联系的，但历史记录对此并不完全清晰。“修鞋匠应该专注于他的本行”（ne sutor ultra crepidam）这个说法源自希腊画家阿佩列斯的一个故事。

On one occasion a cobbler noticed a fault in the painting of a shoe, and remarking upon it to a person standing by, passed on. As soon as the man was out of sight Apelles came from his hiding-place, examined the painting, found that the cobbler's criticism was just, and at once corrected the error. ... The cobbler came by again and soon discovered that the fault he had pointed out had been remedied; and, emboldened by the success of his criticism, began to express his opinion pretty freely about the painting of the leg! This was too much for the patience of the artist, who rushed from his hiding place and told the cobbler to stick to his shoes. [William Edward Winks, "Lives of Illustrious Shoemakers," London, 1883]

有一次，一个修鞋匠注意到画中鞋子的缺陷，他对旁边的人提了一句，然后就离开了。等那人走远后，阿佩列斯从藏身之处出来，仔细检查了画作，发现修鞋匠的批评是对的，于是立刻修正了错误。……修鞋匠又来了，发现他指出的缺陷已经被修正了，受到成功批评的鼓舞，他开始对腿部的画作也发表看法！这让艺术家忍无可忍，他冲出藏身之处，告诉修鞋匠要stick to his shoes。 [威廉·爱德华·温克斯，《著名修鞋匠传》，伦敦，1883年]

[这个故事有多种版本，引用也各不相同：普林尼在《自然史》中写道（XXXV.x.36）ne supra crepidam judicaret，而瓦莱里乌斯·马西穆斯则在《古代事例汇编》中（VIII.xiii.3）写道supra plantam ascendere vetuit。这里引用的版本显然是为了书名而作的]

1854年，《1859年美国俚语词典》将其定义为“一种饼，烤在用厚面团衬里的锅里，上面放着水果。”而《1842年厨师自制书》则将cobbler定义为“仅一面烤焦的面包。”这可能与14世纪的cobeler（意为“木碗或木盘”）有关，但其起源不明，或者只是因为其形状让人联想到cobblestone（鹅卵石）。

早期，cobbler还指一种夏季长饮，由葡萄酒或利口酒、碎冰和水果片混合而成（1809年，华盛顿·欧文）。有人说这可能是cobbler's punch（“鞋匠的饮料”）的缩写，但这个说法直到1847年才有证据。