1610年代,“印度的世袭社会群体之一”,来自葡萄牙语 casta “品种,种族,阶级”,更早的 casta raça,“未混合的种族”,源自拉丁语 castus “切断,分离”(也有“纯洁”的意思,通过“切断”缺陷的概念),是 carere “被切断”的过去分词,来自原始印欧语 *kas-to-,源自词根 *kes- “切割”。Caste system 记录于1840年。英语中早期的、现已废弃的 caste 意义是“人种”(1550年代),来自拉丁语 castus “贞洁”。
Of the castes, the first three are the natural and gradually established divisions of the Aryan invaders and conquerors of India; the fourth was made up of the subjugated aborigines. The Sanskrit name for caste is varna, color, the different castes having been at first marked by differences of complexion, according to race, and in some degree according to occupation and consequent exposure. [Century Dictionary, 1895]
在这些种姓中,前三个是雅利安侵略者和征服者在印度自然形成的、逐渐建立的分裂;第四个则由被征服的土著人组成。种姓的梵语名称是 varna,意为颜色,不同的种姓最初是根据种族的肤色差异,以及在某种程度上根据职业和随之而来的暴露程度来标记的。[世纪词典,1895年]