古英语中的 hyll 意为“山丘”，源自原始日耳曼语的 *hulni-，这也是中世纪荷兰语的 hille、低地德语的 hull（均意为“山丘”）、古诺尔斯语的 hallr（意为“石头”）、哥特语的 hallus（意为“岩石”）、古诺尔斯语的 holmr（意为“海湾中的小岛”）、古英语的 holm（意为“高地、岛屿”）等词汇的来源。它们都与原始印欧语根词 *kel- (2) 相关，意为“突出、显眼”，最初甚至包括了山脉。
In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; 'mountain' being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called 'hills,' in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. [OED]
在英国，海拔低于2000英尺的地形通常被称为“山丘”；而“山”这个词则专指湖区、北威尔士和苏格兰高地的较高地形。不过在印度，海拔5000英尺甚至10000英尺的山脊也常被称为“山丘”，与喜马拉雅山脉形成对比，后者的许多山峰海拔超过20000英尺。[《牛津英语词典》]
The term mountain is very loosely used. It commonly means any unusual elevation. In New England and central New York, elevations of from one to two thousand feet are called hills, but on the plains of Texas, a hill of a few hundred feet is called a mountain. [Ralph S. Tarr, "Elementary Geology," Macmillan, 1903]
“山”这个词使用得非常宽泛。它通常指任何不寻常的高地。在新英格兰和纽约中部，海拔在1000到2000英尺之间的地形被称为山丘，但在德克萨斯州的平原上，几百英尺高的山丘却被称为“山”。[拉尔夫·S·塔尔，《基础地质学》，麦克米伦出版社，1903年]
Despite the differences in defining mountain systems, Penck (1896), Supan (1911) and Obst (1914) agreed that the distinction between hills, mountains, and mountain systems according to areal extent or height is not a suitable classification. ["Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology," 2004]
尽管对山脉系统的定义存在差异，彭克（1896年）、苏潘（1911年）和奥布斯特（1914年）一致认为，单纯根据面积或高度来区分山丘、山脉和山系并不是一个合适的分类方法。[《地理信息科学与山地地貌学》，2004年]
短语 over the hill（意为“过了巅峰期”）最早出现在1950年。表达 old as the hills（意为“古老得像山丘一样”）则记录于1819年，可能源自《圣经·约伯记》第15章第7节。更早的形式 old as the hills and the valleys 则可以追溯到1808年：
And this is no "new morality." It is morality as old as the hills and the valleys. It is a morality which must be adopted; or, we must confess that there are certain political evils greater than that of seeing one's country conquered. [Cobbett's Weekly Political Register, Feb. 6, 1808]
这并不是“新道德”。这是一种古老得像山丘和山谷一样的道德。我们必须接受这种道德；否则，我们就得承认，有些政治罪恶比看着自己的国家被征服更为严重。[《科贝特每周政治公报》，1808年2月6日]
科贝特的另一篇文章中也提到，1818年4月11日：
However, thus it always is: "those whom God intends to destroy, he first makes foolish," which is a saying as old as the hills between Everly and Marlborough.
不过，这总是如此：“上帝要毁灭谁，必先让他变得愚蠢。”这句话在埃弗利和马尔堡之间流传，古老得像山丘一样。
