shrike 的词源

“尖叫；尖声叫喊；发出刺耳、尖锐的声音”，通常是因为疼痛、恐惧、悲伤，也可以是因为笑声。这是16世纪对 scrycke, skriken（约公元1200年）的变体，源自古诺尔斯语 skrækja，意为“尖叫”（参见 screech），可能是模仿声音的起源。作为及物动词的用法出现在1590年代。相关词汇有：Shrieked（尖叫的过去式）；shrieking（尖叫的现在分词）。名词形式从1580年代开始使用，意指“尖锐、刺耳的呼喊”，源自动词。

A shriek is sharper, more sudden, and, when due to fear or pain, indicative of more terror or distress than a scream. Screech emphasizes the disagreeableness of the sharpness or shrillness, and its lack of dignity in a person. It is more distinctly figurative to speak of the shriek of a locomotive than to speak of its scream or screech. [Century Dictionary]

shriek（尖叫）通常比 scream（尖声叫喊）更尖锐、更突然而且在恐惧或疼痛中更能表现出恐惧或痛苦。Screech（尖叫）则强调了声音的刺耳和尖锐，以及在某人身上缺乏尊严。说火车的 shriek（尖叫）比说它的 scream（尖叫）或 screech（尖叫）更具比喻性。[世纪词典]