广告

them 的意思

他们; 她们; 它们

them 的词源

them(pron.)

“他们”这个词是第三人称复数代词,最早出现在12世纪晚期,形式有themtheim。它源自古诺尔斯语的þeim,是复数人称和指示代词þeir(参见they)的与格形式。这个词逐渐取代了古英语中的对应词himheom,具体原因可以参见they。到了1742年,这个词开始被用来指代性别不明的单个人。

相关词汇

第三人称复数主格代词,“所涉及或最后提到的人或物”,约公元1200年,来自斯堪的纳维亚语(古诺尔斯语 þeir,古丹麦语 þerþair),最初为阳性复数指示代词。到公元1400年左右,它已取代中古英语 hehei,来自古英语 hihie,为 heheo “她”, hit “它”的复数形式。

The most important importation of this kind [from Scandinavian to English] was that of the pronomial forms they, them and their, which entered readily into the system of English pronouns beginning with the same sound ( the, that, this) and were felt to be more distinct than the old native forms which they supplanted. Indeed these were liable to constant confusion with some forms of the singular number ( he, him, her) after the vowels has become obscured, so that he and hie, him and heom, her ( hire) and heora could no longer be kept easily apart. [Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]
这种类型[从斯堪的纳维亚语到英语的]最重要的引入是代名词形式 theythemtheir,它们很快进入了英语代词系统,开始于相同的音( thethatthis),并被认为比它们取代的旧本土形式更为独特。事实上,这些形式在元音变得模糊后,常常与某些单数形式( hehimher)混淆,因此 hehiehimheomherhire)和 heora难以轻易区分。[Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]

they的斯堪的纳维亚语来源是原始日耳曼语 *thai,主格复数代词,来自原始印欧语 *to-,指示代词(参见 that)。

约公元1400年起意为“人们一般”。1886年起证实口语中使用they指“匿名的权威人士”。They say意为“据说”出现在米尔顿的作品中。

1520年代起用于单数名词,特别是与 everyany等词搭配。

[Y]ou desire to be just and honest and to give every Body their due .... [William Notcott, "Jesus Christ Most Precious to Every True Believer," 1735]

中古英语;自17世纪以来,被视为them的口语缩写,但最初至少部分是hem的形式,作为第三人称复数代词的与格和宾格。

广告

them 的使用趋势

改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。

分享 "them"

中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of them

广告
热搜词汇
广告