1670年代,“信仰一种或多种神灵的存在”,与atheism(无神论)相对;到1711年,指“信仰唯一神”,与polytheism(多神论)相对;到1714年,指“信仰上帝作为宇宙的创造者和统治者的存在”,与deism(自然神论)相对。最后一种是现代的普遍理解。参见theist + -ism。
Theism assumes a living relation of God to his creatures, but does not define it. It differs from deism in that the latter is negative and involves a denial of revelation, while the former is affirmative, and underlies Christianity. One may be a theist and not be a Christian, but he cannot be a Christian and not be a theist. [Century Dictionary]
有神论假设上帝与他的创造物之间存在一种生动的关系,但并不对其进行定义。它与自然神论的区别在于,后者是否定的,涉及对启示的否认,而前者是肯定的,并且是基督教的基础。一个人可以是有神论者而不是基督徒,但他不能是基督徒而不是有神论者。[世纪词典]