they 的意思
他们; 她们; 它们
they 的词源
they(pron.)
第三人称复数主格代词,“所涉及或最后提到的人或物”,约公元1200年,来自斯堪的纳维亚语(古诺尔斯语 þeir,古丹麦语 þer, þair),最初为阳性复数指示代词。到公元1400年左右,它已取代中古英语 he, hei,来自古英语 hi, hie,为 he, heo “她”, hit “它”的复数形式。
The most important importation of this kind [from Scandinavian to English] was that of the pronomial forms they, them and their, which entered readily into the system of English pronouns beginning with the same sound ( the, that, this) and were felt to be more distinct than the old native forms which they supplanted. Indeed these were liable to constant confusion with some forms of the singular number ( he, him, her) after the vowels has become obscured, so that he and hie, him and heom, her ( hire) and heora could no longer be kept easily apart. [Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]
这种类型[从斯堪的纳维亚语到英语的]最重要的引入是代名词形式 they, them和 their,它们很快进入了英语代词系统,开始于相同的音( the, that, this),并被认为比它们取代的旧本土形式更为独特。事实上,这些形式在元音变得模糊后,常常与某些单数形式( he, him, her)混淆,因此 he和 hie, him和 heom, her( hire)和 heora难以轻易区分。[Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]
they的斯堪的纳维亚语来源是原始日耳曼语 *thai,主格复数代词,来自原始印欧语 *to-,指示代词(参见 that)。
约公元1400年起意为“人们一般”。1886年起证实口语中使用they指“匿名的权威人士”。They say意为“据说”出现在米尔顿的作品中。
1520年代起用于单数名词,特别是与 every, any等词搭配。
[Y]ou desire to be just and honest and to give every Body their due .... [William Notcott, "Jesus Christ Most Precious to Every True Believer," 1735]
they 的使用趋势
改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。
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