Malthusian 的意思
马尔萨斯主义者;与马尔萨斯人口理论相关的
Malthusian 的词源
Malthusian(n.)
1812年(名词)指“追随英国经济学家托马斯·R·Malthus(1766-1835)的人”,特别是与他在《人口原理论》(1798年匿名出版)中提出的学说相关。
In this work he first made prominent the fact that population, unless hindered by positive checks, as wars, famines, etc., or by preventive checks, as social customs that prevent early marriage, tends to increase at a higher rate than the means of subsistence can, under the most favorable circumstances, be made to increase. As a remedy he advocated the principle that society should aim to diminish the sum of vice and misery, and check the growth of population, by the discouragement of early and improvident marriages, and by the practice of moral self-restraint. [Century Dictionary]
在这部著作中,他首次强调了一个重要事实:人口在没有战争、饥荒等积极制约因素,或没有社会习俗(如早婚禁忌)等预防性制约因素的情况下,往往会以高于生存资料(在最有利的条件下)增长的速度增加。作为解决方案,他提倡社会应致力于减少罪恶和痛苦的总和,并通过劝阻早婚和不理智的婚姻,以及提倡道德自律,来抑制人口增长。[《世纪词典》]
作为形容词,“与马尔萨斯相关的”在1818年出现。相关词:Malthusianism(马尔萨斯主义),指“人口与生存资料关系的理论”(1825年)。这个姓氏可以追溯到13世纪晚期,可能意为“麦芽厂的工人”。
Malthusian 的使用趋势
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