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concubinage 的意思

妾侍关系; 同居而不合法婚姻的状态; 妾的状态

concubinage 的词源

concubinage(n.)

14世纪晚期,指“作为妾侍的状态;在没有法律婚姻的情况下,亲密同居的行为或习惯”。这个词源于古法语 concubinage,而 concubin 则源自拉丁语 concubina(参见 concubine)。在古罗马法律中,它指的是“两个没有法律婚姻障碍的人之间的长期同居关系”。

It was distinguished from marriage proper ( matrimonium) by the absence of "marital affection"—that is, the intention of founding a family. As no forms were prescribed in the later times either for legal marriage or concubinage, the question whether the parties intended to enter into the former or into the latter relation was often one of fact to be determined from the surrounding circumstances, and especially with reference to a greater or less difference of rank between them. [Century Dictionary]
这种关系与正式婚姻(matrimonium)的区别在于缺乏“婚姻之爱”,也就是没有建立家庭的意图。由于后期法律婚姻和妾侍关系都没有规定形式,因此判断双方是打算进入婚姻还是妾侍关系,往往依赖于周围的具体情况,尤其是他们之间的社会地位差异。[世纪词典]

相关词汇

大约公元1300年,“情人,指与男性同居但未婚的女性”;在希伯来、希腊、罗马等法律承认这种关系的文明中,也指“地位较低的妻子,侧室”。这个词源自拉丁语 concubina(阴性)和 concubinus(阳性),意为“与已婚男女同居但未婚的人”。

在古罗马,妾通常社会地位较低,但尽管这种关系低于正式婚姻 matrimonium,却比 adulterium(通奸)或 stuprum(淫乱)更被接受。这个词本身源自 concumbere,意为“同床共寝,同居”,由 com(意为“与,一起”,参见 con-)和 cubare(意为“躺下”,参见 cubicle)结合而来。

Such concubines were allowed by the Greek and Roman laws, and for many centuries they were more or less tolerated by the church, for both priests and laymen. The concubine of a priest was sometimes called a priestess. [Century Dictionary]
古希腊和古罗马的法律允许这种妾侍关系,几个世纪以来,教会对这种关系也或多或少地宽容,既适用于神职人员,也适用于平信徒。神父的妾有时被称为女祭司。[《世纪词典》]

在中古英语中,和拉丁语一样,有时也用来指与女性同居但未婚的男性。相关词汇:Concubinal。布朗特的《词汇表》(1656年)中有 concubinary(名词),意为“有妾者”。

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    中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of concubinage

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