14世纪晚期,latitude一词源自古法语(13世纪),直接借自拉丁语latitudo,意为“宽度、广度、范围、大小”。它的词根lātus是形容词,意为“宽的、广的、辽阔的”,而古拉丁语中则是stlatus。这个词的原始印欧语根是*stleto-,它是*stele-的派生形式,意为“扩展、延伸”。这个词根也出现在古教会斯拉夫语的steljo(意为“展开”)和亚美尼亚语的lain(意为“宽广”)中。
地理和天文学的含义同样出现在14世纪晚期,字面意思是“已知世界地图的宽度”。而“允许的变动范围、偏离标准的程度”这一比喻意义则出现在15世纪初。相关词汇包括Latitudinal(1777年,意为“与地理纬度相关”)和latitudinous(1829年,美国英语,意为“解释宽泛的”)。
The ancients supposed the torrid and the frigid zones to be uninhabitable and even impenetrable by man, but while the earth, as known to them, was bounded westwardly by the Atlantic Ocean, it extended indefinitely towards the east. The dimensions of the habitable world then (and ancient geography embraced only the home of man ....,) were much greater, measured from west to east, than from south to north. Accordingly, early geographers called the greater dimension, or the east and west line, the length, longitudo, of the earth, the shorter dimension, or the north and south line, they denominated its breadth, latitudo. These Latin terms are retained in the modern geography of most European nations, but with a modified meaning. [George P. Marsh, "Lectures on the English Language," 1882]
古人认为热带和寒带是人类无法居住甚至无法穿越的区域,但在他们所知的世界中,地球的西边被大西洋所限制,而向东则是无限延伸的。因此,当时可居住的世界(古代地理学只包括人类的栖息地……)从东西方向测量,其范围远大于南北方向。于是,早期的地理学家将更长的维度,即东西线称为地球的length(长度),而将较短的维度,即南北线称为其breadth(宽度)。这些拉丁词汇在大多数欧洲国家的现代地理学中仍被保留,但意义有所改变。[乔治·P·马什,《英语语言讲座》,1882年]