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pica 的意思

印刷字体大小(约每英寸六行);对不适合食用物质的病态渴望

pica 的词源

pica(n.1)

“每英寸大约六行的印刷字体大小”(12磅),1580年代,可能源自pica,这是英国国教会用于确定圣日的规则书名称(15世纪晚期的盎格鲁-拉丁文)。这可能来自拉丁语pica,意为“喜鹊”(参见pie (n.2));该书之所以如此命名,可能是因为其颜色以及在密排页面上旧字体的“斑驳”外观。这种字体大小通常用于印刷序列。

pica(n.2)

“对不适合食用的物质(如石灰)的病态渴求”,这个词最早出现在1560年代,来源于中世纪拉丁语 pica,意为“喜鹊”(参见 pie (n.2))。它可能是对希腊语 kissakitta 的翻译,这些词同样指代“喜鹊、蓝 jay”,并且还有“虚假食欲”的意思。之所以联系在一起,可能是因为这些鸟类的杂食性进食习惯。可以与 geophagy(食土癖)进行比较。

As the magpie eats young birds, here is the bird to keep the sparrows' numbers in check, for it will live in towns and close to dwellings—just the localities sparrows frequent. The magpie's appetite is omnivorous, and it is charged with at times killing weakly lambs, and varying its diet by partaking of grain and fruit; but I never at Home heard any complaints of this bird from the farmers, whilst the gamekeepers had not a good word for it. The bird will eat carrion, so if one were disturbed taking a meal from a dead lamb it would probably be blamed for its death, which may have occurred from natural causes. [A. Bathgate, "The Sparrow Plague and its Remedy," in Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 1903]
喜鹊会吃幼鸟,因此它被认为是控制麻雀数量的鸟类,因为它会栖息在城镇和靠近人类居住区的地方——正是麻雀常见的栖息地。喜鹊的食欲是杂食性的,有时甚至会被指责杀死虚弱的小羊,并且会通过吃谷物和水果来改变饮食;但我在家乡从未听到农民对这种鸟的抱怨,而猎鸟人却对它没有一句好话。这种鸟也会吃腐肉,因此如果有人在喜鹊从死去的小羊身上进食时被打扰,可能会被指责为小羊死亡的罪魁祸首,而小羊的死很可能是自然原因造成的。[A. Bathgate, “麻雀灾害及其解决办法”,发表于《新西兰学会会刊》,1903年]

相关词汇

“吃土”,1820年,源自希腊语 *geophagia(根据《牛津英语词典》,实际希腊语是 geotragia),由 geo- 意为“土壤”,参见 Gaia)和 phagein(意为“吃”)组合而成。另见 pica(名词2)。

A diseased appetite ... prevails in several parts of Alabama, where they eat clay. I heard various speculations on the origin of this singular propensity, called 'geophagy' in some medical books. [Lyell, "Second Visit to U.S.," 1850]
在阿拉巴马州的几个地方,人们有一种病态的食欲,他们吃泥土。我听到过各种关于这种奇特倾向的起源的猜测,在一些医学书籍中被称为“地食症”。[莱尔,《第二次美国之行》,1850年]

“magpie”这个词出现在13世纪中期(12世纪晚期作为姓氏),源自古法语的pie(13世纪),而古法语又来自拉丁语的pica,意为“喜鹊”(参见magpie)。

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pica 的使用趋势

改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。

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中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of pica

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