在1590年代,这个词的意思是“驱逐(某人),将其送往偏远或不为人知的地方,或者将其送走以避免干扰”。它源自拉丁语 relegatus,是 relegare 的过去分词,意为“移除,解雇,驱逐,送走,安排,搁置”。这个词由 re-(表示“回”或“再”,参见 re-)和 legare(意为“作为代表发送,委托,指派,遗赠”)组合而成。后者可能字面意思是“通过合同进行委托”,与 lex(在属格中为 legis,意为“法律,合同”)相关,源自原始印欧语词根 *leg- (1)(意为“收集,聚集”)。
这个词的所有含义都源自罗马法中的一个特定用法:指“将某人流放,或因某种原因使其在一段时间内离开罗马一定距离”。1790年起,它还被用来表示“将某人置于劣势地位”。至1866年,该词又被引申为“将某物或某人归入特定类别或领域”。相关词汇包括 Relegated(已被驱逐),relegating(正在驱逐),relegable(可被驱逐的)。
[ Relegatio] allowed the expulsion of a citizen from Rome by magisterial decree. All examples of relegation were accomplished by magistrates with imperium, and lesser magistrates probably did not possess this power. Any number of individuals could be relegated under a single decree, and they even could be directed to relocate to a specific area. This act was generally used to remove undesirable foreigners from Rome, as when Greek philosophers were expelled from Rome in 161 and two Epicureans, Philiscus and Alcaeus, were banished seven years later. [Gordan P. Kelly, "A History of Exile in the Roman Republic," Cambridge: 2006]
[ Relegatio(驱逐)] 是指通过官员的法令将公民驱逐出罗马的权力。所有的驱逐案例都是由拥有 imperium(最高权力)的官员执行的,而较低级别的官员可能没有这个权力。根据一项法令,可以同时驱逐任意数量的人,甚至可以指定他们迁移到某个特定地区。这种做法通常用于驱逐不受欢迎的外国人,比如公元161年,罗马驱逐了希腊哲学家,而七年后,两位伊壁鸠鲁学派的哲学家菲利斯库斯和阿尔凯俄斯也被流放。 [Gordan P. Kelly, "A History of Exile in the Roman Republic," Cambridge: 2006]