typhoon 的意思
台风;强烈风暴;旋风
typhoon 的词源
typhoon(n.)
Tiphon “强烈风暴,旋风,龙卷风”,1550年代,来自希腊语 typhōn “旋风”,被人格化为巨人,风之父,一个名字可能来自或与 typhein “冒烟”(参见 typhus)有关。根据 Watkins 的说法,来自原始印欧语 *dheub- “深的,空心的”,通过“深渊中的怪物”的概念。这个神名在中英语中出现在威克里夫的 wynd Tiffonyk(约 1384 年,通过拉丁语 typhonicus)。
“气旋,印度或中国海的强烈飓风”的意义在 1588 年由托马斯·希科克翻译的凯撒·弗雷德里克的意大利语东印度航行记中得到证实,凯撒·弗雷德里克是一位威尼斯商人:
concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come. ["The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies"]
这种对东印度巨型风暴的称呼首先在 16 世纪中期的葡萄牙语中出现。显然来自阿拉伯语、波斯语和印地语中的 tufan,意为“强烈气旋风暴”。尤尔在《霍布森-乔布森》中写道:“很可能瓦斯科·达·伽马和他的随行人员直接从阿拉伯领航员那里得到了 tufao。”
阿拉伯词有时被认为来自希腊语 typhon,但其他来源认为它纯粹是闪米特语的,尽管希腊词可能影响了英语中词的形式。Al-tufan 在《古兰经》中多次出现,意为“洪水或风暴”,也用于诺亚的洪水。中文(粤语) tai fung “大风”也可能影响了英语中词的形式或意义,这个术语和印度的术语可能有一些相互影响;toofan 在印度仍然意味着“强烈风暴”。
From the thighs downward he was nothing but coiled serpents, and his arms which, when he spread them out, reached a hundred leagues in either direction, had countless serpents' heads instead of hands. His brutish ass-head touched the stars, his vast wings darkened the sun, fire flashed from his eyes, and flaming rocks hurtled from his mouth. [Robert Graves, "Typhon," in "The Greek Myths"]
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typhoon 的使用趋势
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中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of typhoon