perspire 的意思
出汗;排汗
perspire 的词源
perspire(v.)
1640年代,指一种挥发性液体“通过毛孔蒸发”(不及物动词),是从perspiration(出汗)一词演变而来,部分源自拉丁语perspirare,意为“不断吹气或呼吸”,由per(意为“通过”,源自原始印欧词根*per- (1),表示“向前”或“通过”)+ spirare(意为“呼吸,吹气”,参见spirit (n.))构成。该词在1725年被用来礼貌地表示“出汗,通过皮肤毛孔排出水分”的意思(不及物动词)。医学界曾试图区分“明显出汗”(sensible perspiration)与“隐性出汗”(insensible perspiration):
[I]t is sufficient for common use to observe, that perspiration is that insensible discharge of vapour from the whole surface of the body and the lungs which is constantly going on in a healthy state; that it is always natural and always salutary; that sweat, on the contrary, is an evacuation, which never appears without some uncommon effort, or some disease to the system, that it weakens and relaxes, and is so far from coinciding with perspiration, that it obstructs and checks it. [Charles White, "A Treatise on the Management of Pregnant and Lying-in Women," London, 1791]
[一般来说,perspiration指的是身体表面和肺部在健康状态下持续进行的无意识水蒸气排放。这种排汗是自然且有益的;而出汗(sweat)则是一种排泄,通常只有在某种异常努力或疾病的情况下才会出现,它会导致身体虚弱和放松,甚至妨碍和抑制perspiration。——查尔斯·怀特,《孕妇及产妇管理论》,伦敦,1791年]
相关词汇:Perspired(已出汗);perspiring(正在出汗)。
perspire 的使用趋势
改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。
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