rat-race 的词源
rat-race(n.)
此外,rat race一词最早出现在1934年,指的是航空训练中的一种情况,来源于rat(名词)和race(名词1)的组合。
A rat race is ... a simple game of "follow the leader" in fighter planes. The leader does everything he can think of — Immelmanns, loops, snap rolls, and turns, always turns, tighter and tighter. [Popular Science, May 1941]
“鼠赛”其实就是在战斗机中玩“跟随领头羊”的简单游戏。领头的飞行员会尽可能地做各种动作——伊梅尔曼转体、空中回旋、快速翻滚和转弯,总是不断地转弯,而且是越来越紧。[《科学大众》,1941年5月]
在1930年代,各种形式的“鼠赛”常常被提及,作为流行的嘉年华和赌博活动之一。到1939年,这个词引申为“激烈竞争的斗争”,尤其是指在工作或生活中维持自己地位的艰难挣扎。Rat-run这个词则出现在1870年,最初指的是“老鼠在其领地内活动的迷宫般的通道”,但通常带有贬义,用来形容那些狭窄而复杂的路线。
[Matthew] Milton was not, at the period we write of [c. 1811], at all in the ring ; for in the following March he was steward of a rat-race, held at a public-house in Shepherd's-market, where four of these "varmin," decorated with different coloured ribands, were started for a sweepstakes, round the clubroom, before a host of sportsmen. ["Sporting Incidents at Home and Abroad," The Sporting Review, May 1848]
[马修] 米尔顿在我们所写的那个时期[约1811年]并不在圈子里;因为在次年3月,他担任了一场鼠赛的管家,这场比赛在谢泼德市场的一家酒吧举行,四只装饰着不同颜色缎带的“害虫”被放出,围绕俱乐部的房间进行角逐,吸引了众多体育爱好者前来观看。[《国内外的体育事件》,《体育评论》,1848年5月]
相关词汇
rat-race 的使用趋势
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