gazette 的意思
报纸; 公告; 官方期刊
gazette 的词源
gazette(n.)
“报纸”这个词大约出现在1600年,源自法语的 gazette(16世纪),而这又来自意大利语的 gazzetta,在威尼斯方言中是 gazeta,意指“报纸”。这个词同时也指一种小铜币,字面意思是“小喜鹊”,源自 gazza。最初,这个词用来形容威尼斯政府出版的月刊新闻纸(gazeta de la novità),可能是因为它的价格,或者因为它与喜鹊(通常被视为喋喋不休的鸟)的联系,或者两者兼而有之。1665年,这个词首次在英语中出现,用来指代牛津大学出版的报纸,因为当时王室因瘟疫逃离伦敦,迁至牛津。
关于这枚硬币为何得名,有一种说法是因为它的图案。Gamillscheg 提到,这个词可能源自法语的 gai(参见 jay)。虽然关于这个词起源的故事大致被接受,但细节上却有许多不同的版本:
We are indebted to the Italians for the idea of newspapers. The title of their gazettas was, perhaps, derived from gazzera, a magpie or chatterer; or, more probably, from a farthing coin, peculiar to the city of Venice, called gazetta, which was the common price of the newspapers. Another etymologist is for deriving it from the Latin gaza, which would colloquially lengthen into gazetta, and signify a little treasury of news. The Spanish derive it from the Latin gaza, and likewise their gazatero, and our gazetteer, for a writer of the gazette and, what is peculiar to themselves, gazetista, for a lover of the gazette. [Isaac Disraeli, "Curiosities of Literature," 1835]
我们要感谢意大利人给我们带来了报纸的概念。他们的 gazettas 这个名字,可能源自 gazzera,意指喜鹊或喋喋不休者;更可能的是,来自威尼斯特有的一种小便士硬币,叫做 gazetta,这正是报纸的普遍价格。还有一种词源学说认为,它源自拉丁语的 gaza,在口语中可能演变为 gazetta,意指“新闻的小宝库”。西班牙语也同样源自拉丁语 gaza,他们的 gazatero(报纸撰稿人)和我们的 gazetteer(《公报》撰稿人)都如此,而他们特有的 gazetista 则意指“报纸爱好者”。——[艾萨克·迪斯雷利,《文学趣闻》,1835年]
Gazzetta It., Sp. gazeta, Fr. E. gazette; prop. the name of a Venetian coin (from gaza), so in Old English. Others derive gazette from gazza a magpie, which, it is alleged, was the emblem figured on the paper; but it does not appear on any of the oldest Venetian specimens preserved at Florence. The first newspapers appeared at Venice about the middle of the 16th century during the war with Soliman II, in the form of a written sheet, for the privilege of reading which a gazzetta (= a crazia) was paid. Hence the name was transferred to the news-sheet. [T.C. Donkin, "Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages" (based on Diez), 1864]
Gazzetta 意大利语、西班牙语 gazeta,法语英语 gazette;原本是指一种威尼斯硬币(来自 gaza),在古英语中也是如此。还有人认为 gazette 源自 gazza(喜鹊),因为据说这种鸟的图案出现在报纸上;但在佛罗伦萨保存的最古老的威尼斯样本中并没有。第一份报纸大约在16世纪中期的威尼斯出现,那时正值与苏莱曼二世的战争。它们以书面形式发布,阅读这些报纸需要支付一枚 gazzetta(相当于一枚 crazia)。因此,这个名字后来被用来指代新闻纸。——[T.C. 唐金,《罗曼语族词源词典》(基于迪兹),1864年]
GAZETTE. A paper of public intelligence and news of divers countries, first printed at Venice, about the year 1620, and so called (some say) because una gazetta, a small piece of Venetian coin, was given to buy or read it. Others derive the name from gazza, Italian for magpie, i.e. chatterer.— Trusler. A gazette was printed in France in 1631; and one in Germany in 1715. [Haydn's "Dictionary of Dates," 1857]
GAZETTE。一种传播公共信息和各国新闻的报纸,约在1620年首次在威尼斯印刷。有些人认为这个名字来源于 una gazetta(意为“一枚小威尼斯硬币”),因为人们需要用它来购买或阅读报纸。还有人认为这个名字源自意大利语的 gazza(喜鹊),即“喋喋不休者”。——[海登,《日期词典》,1857年]
gazette(v.)
“在公报上宣布”,1670年代;参见 gazette(名词)。这三本官方期刊大约从1665年起在英国出版,每周两次,内容包括任命、晋升、公共通知等。因此,gazetted 的意思是“被任命为某个职务”等。
相关词汇
gazette 的使用趋势
改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。
分享 "gazette"
中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of gazette