大约在公元1300年,herber这个词出现,意思是“草药花园,乐园”,源自古法语的erbier,意指“田野,草地;菜园”。这个词又源于拉丁语的herba,意思是“草,草药”(参见herb)。后来,这个词的意思扩展为“草地” (14世纪中期,这个意思在古法语中也有体现),以及“树木、灌木或藤蔓交织而成的阴凉角落,凉亭”(14世纪中期)。虽然它可能与拉丁语的arbor(意为“树”,参见arbor (n.2))无关,但这个词或许在拼写上受到了影响:
[O]riginally signifying a place for the cultivation of herbs, a pleasure-ground, garden, subsequently applied to the bower or rustic shelter which commonly occupied the most conspicuous situation in the garden ; and thus the etymological reference to herbs being no longer apparent, the spelling was probably accommodated to the notion of being sheltered by trees or shrubs ( arbor). [Hensleigh Wedgwood, "A Dictionary of English Etymology," 1859]
[O]riginally signifying a place for the cultivation of herbs, a pleasure-ground, garden, subsequently applied to the bower or rustic shelter which commonly occupied the most conspicuous situation in the garden; and thus the etymological reference to herbs being no longer apparent, the spelling was probably accommodated to the notion of being sheltered by trees or shrubs (arbor). [Hensleigh Wedgwood, "A Dictionary of English Etymology," 1859]
不过,在中英语中,从er-到ar-的变化也反映了发音的演变。可以对比一下farm(来自ferme)和harbor(来自古英语herebeorg)。