"细小、松散、未压实的颗粒",约1300年,poudre,"灰烬,煤渣;大地的尘埃;"14世纪早期任何粉碎物质的名称;来自古法语poudre "尘埃,粉末;灰烬;粉状物"(13世纪),更早的形式为pouldre(11世纪),源自拉丁语pulverem(主格pulvis)"尘埃,粉末"(西班牙语polvo,意大利语polve也来自此词;参见pulverize)。
在法语中插入非词源性的-d-是常见的(比较meddle,tender(形容词),remainder;参见D)。德语中作为双重词存在;Puder通过法语,Pulver来自拉丁语。从14世纪中期特别指"药用粉末";"火药"的专门意义来自14世纪晚期。在"粉状化妆品"的意义上,记录于1570年代。
Powder keg "装火药的小桶"在1820年出现;比喻意义("容易爆炸的东西")在1895年出现。Powder room,作为"女性洗手间"的委婉说法,记录于1936年。早期指"战舰上存放火药的地方"(1620年代)。Powder monkey "在船上负责将火药从弹药库运送到炮台的男孩"来自1680年代。Powder blue(1650年代)是用于洗涤的含钴粉末玻璃(smalt);作为颜色名称始于1894年。
短语take a powder "逃跑,消失"源自1920年;这是医生指示的常用短语,因此可能是指服用泻药或安眠药,结果匆忙离开(或者,另一个猜测,来自魔术师的魔法粉末,使物体消失)。
Avis dropped an exhausted little heap onto her aunt's bed. She put her hand over her heart and said piteously, "Oh, Aunt Joyce, I mustn't ever do that again. My heart's going awful fast. I shall have to take a powder. Wasn't it fun though-" Avis' dark eyes flashed. [from "The Evolution of Avis" in The Connecticut School Journal, Jan. 9, 1902]
Avis把一个疲惫的小堆放在她姑姑的床上。她把手放在心口,悲伤地说:“哦,Joyce姑姑,我再也不能那样做了。我的心跳得太快了。我得吃个药。尽管如此,真是有趣——”Avis的黑眼睛闪烁着。[摘自《康涅狄格州学校杂志》,1902年1月9日]
When the wife of your breast has confessed she has drest
On just triple the sum you allowed her,
And has run up long bills for her frocks and her frills—
Take a powder, my friend, take a powder.
[from "The Panacaea," in Punch, Dec. 14, 1901]
When the wife of your breast has confessed she has drest
On just triple the sum you allowed her,
And has run up long bills for her frocks and her frills—
Take a powder, my friend, take a powder.
[摘自《Panacaea》,1901年12月14日]
Powder in the wind(约1300年,意为粉状香料)是中世纪英语中一种高度重视但因某种方式而缺陷的东西的形象,渲染其不持久或注定失去(缺乏谦逊等美德)。