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reliability 的意思

可靠性; 稳定性; 信赖度

reliability 的词源

reliability(n.)

“可靠性”这个词的意思是“可靠的状态或特性”,最早出现在1816年,科尔律治在此使用了 reliable(可靠的)和 -ity(名词后缀)组合而成。到了1910年,这个词在统计学中开始流行。

[Coleridge] evades the only charge brought against [Southey], by repelling one not brought against him, except by his Antijacobin patrons—and answers for his friend, as if he was playing at cross-purposes. Some people say, that Mr Southey has deserted the cause of liberty : Mr Coleridge tells us, that he has not separated from his wife. They say, that he has changed his opinions : Mr Coleridge says, that he keeps his appointments ; and has even invented a new word, reliability, to express his exemplariness in this particular. [from a review of "Biographia Literaria" in Edinburgh Review, August 1817]
[科尔律治] 回避了对 [索瑟] 唯一的指控,反而回应了那些并未针对他的指控,除了他的《反雅各宾》支持者们——并且像是在玩弄文字游戏一样,为他的朋友辩护。有人说,索瑟先生背弃了自由的事业;科尔律治告诉我们,他并没有与妻子分离。他们说,他改变了自己的观点;科尔律治则说,他仍然履行自己的约定;甚至还创造了一个新词, reliability,来表达他在这方面的模范性。[摘自1817年8月《爱丁堡评论》对《文学传记》的评论]

相关词汇

1560年代,raliabill,意为“可以信赖的,值得依靠的,可信的”,最初源自苏格兰;参见 rely + -able。在1850年前不常见,之后在英国常被视为美式英语的一个例子而受到批评,因为它对 -able 的使用与 provable 等词中的用法不同,并且在古典拉丁语中并不被认可。然而,一些词典(如《牛津英语词典》、《世纪词典》等)为其辩护,认为该后缀在 availablelaughablelivabledependableindispensable 等词中是合理的。相关词汇包括:Reliably; reliableness。作为名词,指“一个可靠的人、动物或物品”,出现于1890年(与 old 一起)。

Reliable expresses what cannot be expressed by any other one word. Moreover, it conveys an idea of constant occurrence. He who would be exact has, indeed, no alternative, if he avoids it except a periphrasis. [Fitzedward Hall, "On English Adjectives in -Able," 1877] 
Reliable 这个词表达了其他任何单词无法传达的意思。此外,它还传达了一种持续发生的概念。想要精确表达的人,确实别无选择,除非使用绕口令,否则只能选择它。[Fitzedward Hall, "On English Adjectives in -Able," 1877] 

这个词缀用于从形容词构成抽象名词,表示“______的状态或性质”。它源自中古英语的 -ite,来自古法语的 -ete(现代法语为 -ité),直接源自拉丁语的 -itatem(主格为 -itas)。这个后缀表示状态或条件,由 -i-(来自词干或作为连接元素)和常见的抽象后缀 -tas(参见 -ty (2))组成。

Roughly, the word in -ity usually means the quality of being what the adjective describes, or concretely an instance of the quality, or collectively all the instances; & the word in -ism means the disposition, or collectively all those who feel it. [Fowler]
大致来说,带有 -ity 的词通常表示形容词所描述的性质,或者具体指这种性质的实例,或者集合地指所有这些实例;而带有 -ism 的词则表示一种倾向,或者集合地指所有感受这种倾向的人。[Fowler]
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    reliability 的使用趋势

    改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。

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    中文翻译由AI生成。查看原文,请访问: Etymology, origin and meaning of reliability

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