yarn 的意思
纱线; 故事; 传奇
yarn 的词源
yarn(n.1)
中英语词源来自古英语的 gearn,最初指的是“任何天然纤维制成的线”,后来特别指“纺纱纤维、纺织羊毛、为织造准备的线”。这个词源自原始日耳曼语的 *garnan,根据沃特金斯的重建,可能源自印欧语根 *ghere-,意为“肠子、内脏”。
在日耳曼语中,相关词汇包括古诺尔斯语、古高地德语、德语的 garn,以及中荷兰语的 gaern、现代荷兰语的 garen,都意指“纱线”。
yarn(n.2)
“故事,传说”,通常暗示“奇妙,不可思议,不真实”,在1812年以比喻的口语短语spinning a yarn(也有yarning)出现。
据说(1823年起)这个表达最初源于海洋,是水手们的说法,因为他们在进行如纱线扭制等坐着的工作时,会讲述各种故事(参见yarn (n.1))。
There is an old story in every sailor's mouth, that when a boatswain asked his officer, what the ship's company should be set to work about, he was answered, "let them knot yarns, and make spun-yarn." The boatswain replied, that, "all the rope-yarns had been already made into spun-yarn." "Then make the spun-yarn into rope-yarn" was the order. ["The Naval Chronicle" for 1808, London]
每个水手都流传着一个老故事:有一次,一个大副问他的上司,船员们该干什么工作,得到的回答是:“让他们打结纱线,做成纺纱线。”大副回答说,“所有的绳纱线已经做成纺纱线了。”于是命令变成了:“那就把纺纱线做成绳纱线。”[摘自《海军纪事》1808年伦敦版]
spin street yarn是当时的另一个类似表达,意指闲散无事,可能暗示闲聊八卦:
For my part, sir, I am one of those who have little to do but spin street yarn and listen to the talk of the wise ones[.] As I was lounging up street the other morning, (etc.) [Delaware Gazette, April 7, 1810]
就我而言,先生,我就是那种除了spin street yarn,听听智者们的谈话,几乎没什么事可做的人。[《德拉瓦州公报》,1810年4月7日]
When I pass a house and see the yard covered with stumps, old hoops and broken earthenware, I guess the man is a horse jockey, and the woman a spinner of street-yarn. [from a widely reprinted piece, "Guess-Work," by 1811]
当我路过一户人家,看到院子里满是树桩、旧箍和破陶器时,我guess那个男人是个马贩子,而那个女人则是个街头闲聊者。[摘自广泛转载的《猜测工作》,1811年]
同一篇道德寓言的另一个版本中提到“她纺的街头闲聊比棉花还多”。一首反对禁运的诗句(1808年)将陆地与海洋的“纱线纺织”联系在一起:
But now our ships they are unrigg'd,
Our sailors spin street yarn, sir—
Our merchants fail—our farmers sigh—
Their grain lies in the barn, sir.
[Portland (Maine) Gazette, March 21, 1808]
但现在我们的船只已被解缆,
我们的水手们在闲聊,先生——
商人们破产,农民们叹息——
他们的粮食还在谷仓里,先生。
[《缅因州波特兰公报》,1808年3月21日]
相关词汇
yarn 的使用趋势
改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。
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