waive 的词源

约公元1300年，weiven，意为“剥夺法律保护；从某个地方或条件中移除”，来自盎格鲁法语weyver“放弃，放弃”（古法语guever“放弃，归还”），可能源自斯堪的纳维亚语，与古诺尔斯语veifa“摇摆”（源自原始日耳曼语*waif-,来自印欧语根*weip-“转动，摇摆，狂喜地颤抖”）相似。在中古英语法律语言中，它用于权利、财物或女性。

If the defendant be a woman, the proceeding is called a waiver; for as women were not sworn to the law by taking the oath of allegiance in the leet (as men anciently were when of the age of twelve years and upwards), they could not properly be outlawed, but were said to be waived, i.e., derelicta, left out, or not regarded. [from "Outlawry" in J.J.S. Wharton, "Law-Lexicon, or Dictionary of Jurisprudence," London, 1867]

如果被告是女性，则该程序称为放弃；因为女性在地方法庭中不通过宣誓效忠法律（如男性在十二岁及以上时古代所做）而宣誓，她们不能被正式宣布为亡命之徒，而是被称为被放弃，即derelicta，被排除在外或不被视为。[摘自J.J.S. Wharton的《法律词典或法学词典》，伦敦，1867年中的“Outlawry”]

在中古英语中也有“拒绝，拒绝，回避”的意思，至15世纪晚期特别用于法律，意为“放弃，停止坚持或要求，暂时搁置”。因此，通常意为“避免坚持”（1620年代）。相关词汇：Waived；waiving。