commando 的意思
突击队; 特种部队士兵; 军事突袭
commando 的词源
commando(n.)
1791年,在南非的背景下,“博尔人为了个人目的对土著人进行的私人军事袭击”,也指这次袭击的领导者以及为其提供的许可,源自荷兰语 commando,意为“在指挥官领导下的部队”,又源自葡萄牙语 commando,字面意思是“被指挥的队伍”(参见 command (v.))。
"A colonist" says he, "who lives two hundred leagues up the country, arrives at the Cape, to complain that the Caffrees have taken all his cattle; and intreats a commando, which is a permission to go, with the help of his neighbours, to retake his property; the governor, who either does not, or feigns not to understand the trick, adheres strictly to the facts expressed in the petition: a preamble of regular information would occasion long delays; a permission is easily given—tis but a word—the fatal word is written, which proves a sentence of death to a thousand poor savages, who have no such defence or resources as their persecutors." [George Carter, "A Narrative of the Loss of the Grosvenor," 1791]
“一位殖民者,”他说,“他住在离这里两百里远的地方,来到开普敦,抱怨说卡夫人(Caffrees)把他的牛都抢走了;他请求一个 commando,也就是一个许可,让他和邻居们一起去夺回他的财产;而总督要么不理解,要么假装不理解这个把戏,严格遵循请愿书中表达的事实:如果先进行正式的信息通报,可能会导致很长时间的延误;而一个许可很容易获得——不过是一个词——而那个致命的词被写下,证明了对成千上万无辜的野蛮人的死刑,他们没有像迫害者那样的防御或资源。” [乔治·卡特,《格罗夫诺斯号沉没记》,1791年]
“精英特种部队士兵,接受快速行动训练”的含义始于1940年(最初指抵御德国入侵英国的突击队),最早出现在温斯顿·丘吉尔的著作中,他可能在 Boer War(布尔战争)期间听说过这个词。
短语 going commando 意为“未穿内裤”,首次出现在1996年,是美国俚语,可能源于随时准备行动的概念。
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commando 的使用趋势
改编自 books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams 数据仅供参考。
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