dyslexia 的意思
阅读困难; 识字障碍; 语言理解障碍
dyslexia 的词源
dyslexia(n.)
“由于脑部疾病导致的阅读困难”,这个词最早出现在1885年,源自德语 dyslexie(1883年),而其词根则来自希腊语 dys-,意为“坏的、异常的、困难的”(参见 dys-),加上 lexis,意思是“词”(在这里被理解为“阅读”),进一步追溯则是来自 legein,意为“说话”(源自原始印欧语词根 *leg- (1),意为“收集、聚集”,其衍生词义为“说话(即‘挑选词语’)”),最后加上抽象名词后缀 -ia。Dyslexic(名词形式)首次记录于1946年;而 dyslectic(形容词形式)则出现在1962年。
Professor Berlin has written a very interesting monograph upon the disease called dyslexia, which he believes allied to the alexia, or word-blindness of Kussmaul. He gives a clinical history of six cases, collected during a period of twenty-three years, all having this peculiarity, that they could read aloud the average type, Jaeger three to five, only a few words in succession. These words were correctly spoken and without confusion or stammering, but as soon as a few words had been read the patients seemed anxious to get rid of the book, and, on being questioned, stated that they had an unpleasant feeling which they could not well define. [The Satellite of the Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, November 1887]
柏林教授写了一篇非常有趣的专论,讨论一种被称为阅读障碍(dyslexia)的疾病。他认为这种疾病与库斯马乌尔的失读症(alexia)有关。他详细描述了六个病例的临床历史,这些病例是在长达二十三年的时间里收集的,所有患者都有一个共同特点:他们能够朗读普通字体的书籍,使用雅格尔(Jaeger)标准的三到五级,但每次只能连续读出几个词。这些词虽然读得正确且没有混淆或口吃,但一旦读了几个词,患者们就表现出想要放下书本的焦虑感。经过询问,他们表示有一种难以言喻的不适感。[《环球医学年鉴》卫星刊,费城,1887年11月]
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